SYNTAX LINGUISTIC

The etiomology syntax comes from Greek, that is ‘sun’ meaning with and ‘tattein’ means to place. So, etymologically syntax means putting together words into groups of words or sentences.

Language elements included in syntax are phrases, clauses, and sentences.

I will explain about phrase.

PHRASES

A phrase is two or more words that do not contain the subject-verb pair necessary to form a clause. 

1.  Noun Phrase

A noun phrase is a phrase that plays with the noun - person, place or object - and the modifier that distinguishes.
  
- Noun + Noun

Examples of Noun Phrase for the Noun + Noun category: newspaper, school bag, pizza box, air conditioner. Although it consists of two nouns, the object in question is only one noun. In the word pizza box, for example, the object in question is not pizza, but only the packaging box, which is the box. Therefore, the object referred to in the Noun Phrase Pizza Box is the Box.

- Noun + of + Noun

Examples of Noun Phrase for the Noun + of + Noun category: declaration of independence, city of angels, age of empire, and book of secrets. Example of declaration of independence. The word independence is only an adverb in the sentence. So, in the context of the declaration of independence, the object in question is the object called first, namely the declaration. 
  
- Determiner + Adverb + Adjective + Noun

For this category, for example, an extremely dangerous sport, a totally gorgeous boy, a really nice car, etc. . For example in the word an extremely dangerous sport, we use dangerous adjectives to explain what type of sport is meant in the use of the noun. In addition, we use extremely adverbs to explain how dangerous the sport is.

- V3 + Noun (as Participle)

Examples are: hidden treasure, forbidden city, cooked meals, frozen dairy. You can use the V3 form that has functions as a participle form or explanatory information that uses relative pronouns such as who, which, that, whom in adjective clause is a passive sentence form. In hidden treasure words, for example The treasure which was hidden, but in order to become a whole subject, you can use hidden treasure words. 

       2.  Verb Phrase

A verb phrase is a phrase used as verbs to describe information in a sentence. 

- Action Verb

Action verb is that shows action, as; study, write, read, run, draw, swim, etc. 
Example : 
* If guests are coming for dinner, we must wash our smelly dog.
* My father reads the newspaper every morning. 
* I eat fried noodles every week. 
* My little brother is eating banana now. 
* Tita watches Korean variety shows almost everynight.

- Linking Verb 

Linking verb (used to refer to a verb that describes a subject or connects a subject to an adjective or noun.).

~Verbs of Sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste).

Example : 

• The old man feels lonely.
• The coat looks nice.
• Her socks smell bad. 
• The host’s voice sounds terrible because of cold.
  
• After working for five hours, a plate of fried yummy rice tasted.

~ Verbs of Being  be: is, am, are, was, were, be .
  
Example : 

• Mr. Mamat is a headmaster.
• I am from Bandar Lampung.
• Those kids are naughty.
• The baby sitter was fired for being careless.)
• The children were naughty.
• The proved unreal story.

- Auxiliary verb (verb that has additional functions such as showing tenses, aspect, modals, voice, etc.) * auxiliary verb is usually present to complete the verb.

Example: The girl is sitting there .; is in the sentence is an auxiliary verb followed by verb + ing (participle) 'sitting'.

              3.  Prepositional Phrase
 

    A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the preposition. 

- Adjective which explains Noun.
"Martha's mother is the woman in a red dress".

- Adverb which explains Verb
"Martha's family will stay at the Ruang Hotel".

- As Nominal 
"Martha's school is between the river and the hill".